14.2: Environmental Factors in Supporting Children’s Health, Safety, and Nutrition
Children learn most effectively in a safe, inviting environment in which they can freely explore and challenge themselves. Health and safety in the preschool program, both indoors and outdoors, includes environment, supervision, and education. Environment is the first component of safety; a safe environment allows children to explore, play, and learn without unnecessary restriction. The environment should be set up and maintained to reduce the risk of injury and disease transmission.
Proper supervision of children is essential, and the required adult-to-child ratios must be met at all times, including periods when children play outdoors, are transported, and go on field trips. The most effective supervision includes active involvement with children’s learning: teachers move around the room with children, attend to children and their interactions, make eye contact, encourage children verbally, and model appropriate voice and actions.
Education is multifaceted. Teachers promote children’s learning through discussion, modeling, and daily routines through active participation. An accessible and supportive environment with appropriate facilities and items allows children to practice and demonstrate progress in learning.
The following recommendations apply to establishing the preschool environment that supports children’s health, safety, and nutrition.
- Establish a physical learning environment designed for children’s initiative.
- Provide safe, inviting learning environments, and appropriate supervision of children.
- Maintain a clean, healthy, and sanitary environment. Incorporate cleaning and sanitizing into the daily routine.
- Have supplies available and accessible to promote routine health practices.
- Provide stimulating and developmentally appropriate materials in interest areas for children’s use during play.
- Provide furnishing and utensils appropriate for children’s size and abilities.
- Be creative and include a gardening space, either indoors or outdoors, where children can plant seeds, tend the garden, and watch the plants grow.[1]
Pause to Reflect
What are practices that teachers should engage in and ways to design the environment that support the health, safety, and nutrition of all children (including those from diverse backgrounds and those with special needs or disabilities)?
Research Highlight
Cleaning and disinfecting is essential. Studies have shown that some germs, including influenza virus, can survive on surfaces for two to eight hours; rotavirus can survive up to 10 days. Cleaning with soap and water removes visible soil. After cleaning, disinfection (sanitizing) kills bacteria, viruses, and fungi (i.e., “germs”). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that a bleach and water solution of one tablespoon household bleach to one quart water is effective. Wet the surface with the solution and allow to air dry. Mix fresh bleach solution each day to maintain effectiveness, and store in a clearly labeled spray bottle out of children’s reach. Research shows that other chemicals (e.g., ammonia, vinegar, baking soda, Borax) are not effective against some bacteria.[2]
- The California Preschool Curriculum Framework, Volume 2 by the California Department of Education is used with permission ↵
- The California Preschool Curriculum Framework, Volume 2 by the California Department of Education is used with permission ↵