Learning Outcomes
The textbook content and assessments for Introduction to Statistics are aligned to the following learning outcomes.
Module 1: Sampling and Data
- Recognize and differentiate between key terms.
- Apply various types of sampling methods to data collection.
- Create and interpret frequency tables.
Module 2: Descriptive Statistics
- Display data graphically and interpret graphs: stemplots, histograms, and box plots.
- Recognize, describe, and calculate the measures of location of data: quartiles and percentiles.
- Recognize, describe, and calculate the measures of the center of data: mean, median, and mode.
- Recognize, describe, and calculate the measures of the spread of data: variance, standard deviation, and range.
Module 3: Probability
- Understand and use the terminology of probability.
- Determine whether two events are mutually exclusive and whether two events are independent.
- Calculate probabilities using the Addition Rules and Multiplication Rules.
- Construct and interpret Contingency Tables.
- Construct and interpret Venn Diagrams.
- Construct and interpret Tree Diagrams.
Module 4: Discrete Random Variables
- Recognize and understand discrete probability distribution functions, in general.
- Calculate and interpret expected values.
- Recognize the binomial probability distribution and apply it appropriately.
- Recognize the Poisson probability distribution and apply it appropriately.
- Recognize the geometric probability distribution and apply it appropriately.
- Recognize the hypergeometric probability distribution and apply it appropriately.
- Classify discrete word problems by their distributions.
Module 5: Continuous Random Variables
- Recognize and understand continuous probability density functions in general.
- Recognize the uniform probability distribution and apply it appropriately.
- Recognize the exponential probability distribution and apply it appropriately.
Module 6: Normal Distribution
- Recognize the normal probability distribution and apply it appropriately.
- Recognize the standard normal probability distribution and apply it appropriately.
- Compare normal probabilities by converting to the standard normal distribution.
Module 7: The Central Limit Theorem
- Recognize central limit theorem problems.
- Classify continuous word problems by their distributions.
- Apply and interpret the central limit theorem for means.
- Apply and interpret the central limit theorem for sums.
Module 8: Confidence Intervals
- Calculate and interpret confidence intervals for estimating a population mean and a population proportion.
- Interpret the Student’s t probability distribution as the sample size changes.
- Discriminate between problems applying the normal and the Student’s t distributions.
- Calculate the sample size required to estimate a population mean and a population proportion given a desired confidence level and margin of error.
Module 9: Hypothesis Testing With One Sample
- Differentiate between Type I and Type II Errors
- Describe hypothesis testing in general and in practice
- Conduct and interpret hypothesis tests for a single population mean, population standard deviation known.
- Conduct and interpret hypothesis tests for a single population mean, population standard deviation unknown.
- Conduct and interpret hypothesis tests for a single population proportion.
Module 10: Hypothesis Testing With Two Samples
- Classify hypothesis tests by type.
- Conduct and interpret hypothesis tests for two population means, population standard deviations known.
- Conduct and interpret hypothesis tests for two population means, population standard deviations unknown.
- Conduct and interpret hypothesis tests for two population proportions.
- Conduct and interpret hypothesis tests for matched or paired samples
Module 11: The Chi Square Distribution
- Interpret the chi-square probability distribution as the sample size changes.
- Conduct and interpret chi-square goodness-of-fit hypothesis tests.
- Conduct and interpret chi-square test of independence hypothesis tests.
- Conduct and interpret chi-square homogeneity hypothesis tests.
- Conduct and interpret chi-square single variance hypothesis tests.
Module 12: Linear Regression and Correlation
- Discuss basic ideas of linear regression and correlation.
- Create and analyze scatter plots.
- Create and interpret a line of best fit.
- Calculate and interpret the correlation coefficient.
- Use interpolation and extrapolation.
- Calculate and interpret outliers.
Module 13: F-Distribution and the One-Way ANOVA
- Interpret the F probability distribution as the number of groups and the sample size change.
- Discuss two uses for the F distribution: one-way ANOVA and the test of two variances.
- Conduct and interpret one-way ANOVA.
- Conduct and interpret hypothesis tests of two variances.