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Preface
Charles Molnar and Jane Gair
Chapter 1: Introduction to Biology
1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
1.2 The Process of Science
Chapter 2: Introduction to the Chemistry of Life
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
2.2 Water
2.3 Biological Molecules
Introduction
Samantha Fowler; Rebecca Roush; and James Wise
Importance of Biodiversity
Threats to Biodiversity
Preserving Biodiversity
Energy Flow through Ecosystems
Biogeochemical Cycles
Terrestrial Biomes
Aquatic and Marine Biomes
Population Demographics and Dynamics
Population Growth and Regulation
The Human Population
Community Ecology
Chapter 3: Introduction to Cell Structure and Function
3.1 How Cells Are Studied
3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
3.4 The Cell Membrane
3.5 Passive Transport
3.6 Active Transport
Chapter 4: Introduction to How Cells Obtain Energy
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
4.2 Glycolysis
4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
4.4 Fermentation
4.5 Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways
Chapter 5: Introduction to Photosynthesis
5.1: Overview of Photosynthesis
5.2: The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
5.3: The Calvin Cycle
Chapter 6: Introduction to Reproduction at the Cellular Level
6.1 The Genome
6.2 The Cell Cycle
6.3 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
6.4 Prokaryotic Cell Division
Chapter 7: Introduction to the Cellular Basis of Inheritance
7.1 Sexual Reproduction
7.2 Meiosis
7.3 Errors in Meiosis
Chapter 8: Introduction to Patterns of Inheritance
8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
Chapter 9: Introduction to Molecular Biology
9.1 The Structure of DNA
9.2 DNA Replication
9.3 Transcription
9.4 Translation
9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
Discovering How Populations Change
Mechanisms of Evolution
Evidence of Evolution
Speciation
Common Misconceptions about Evolution
Organizing Life on Earth
Determining Evolutionary Relationships
Prokaryotic Diversity
Eukaryotic Origins
Protists
Fungi
The Plant Kingdom
Seedless Plants
Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Features of the Animal Kingdom
Sponges and Cnidarians
Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
Mollusks and Annelids
Echinoderms and Chordates
Vertebrates
11.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
11.2 Digestive System
11.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
11.4 Endocrine System
11.5 Musculoskeletal System
11.6 Nervous System
Chapter 15. Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System
15.1 Digestive Systems
15.2 Nutrition and Energy Production
15.3 Digestive System Processes
15.4 Digestive System Regulation
Chapter 22. Osmotic Regulation and Excretion
22.1. Osmoregulation and Osmotic Balance
22.2. The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs
22.3. Excretion Systems
22.4. Nitrogenous Wastes
22.5. Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions
Chapter 16. The Nervous System
16.1 Neurons and Glial Cells
16.2 How Neurons Communicate
16.3 The Central Nervous System
16.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
16.5 Nervous System Disorders
20.4 Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids
Chapter 17. Sensory Systems
17.1 Sensory Processes
17.2 Somatosensation
17.3 Taste and Smell
17.4 Hearing and Vestibular Sensation
17.5 Vision
Chapter 18. The Endocrine System
18.1 Types of Hormones
18.2 How Hormones Work
18.3 Regulation of Body Processes
18.4 Regulation of Hormone Production
18.5 Endocrine Glands
Chapter 19. The Musculoskeletal System
19.1 Types of Skeletal Systems
19.2 Bone
19.3 Joints and Skeletal Movement
19.4 Muscle Contraction and Locomotion
Chapter 20. The Respiratory System
20.1 Systems of Gas Exchange
20.2 Gas Exchange across Respiratory Surfaces
20.3 Breathing
Chapter 21. The Circulatory System
21.1. Overview of the Circulatory System
21.2. Components of the Blood
21.3. Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels
21.4. Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation
Chapter 24. Animal Reproduction and Development
24.1. Reproduction Methods
24.2. Fertilization
24.3. Human Reproductive Anatomy and Gametogenesis
24.4. Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction
24.5. Human Pregnancy and Birth
24.6. Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development
24.7. Organogenesis and Vertebrate Formation
Chapter 1 PowerPoint
Chapter 2 PowerPoint
Chapter 3 PowerPoint
Chapter 4 PowerPoint
Chapter 5 PowerPoint
Chapter 6 PowerPoint
Chapter 7 PowerPoint
Chapter 8 PowerPoint
Chapter 9 PowerPoint
Chapter 11 PowerPoint
Chapter 15 PowerPoint
Chapter 16 PowerPoint
Chapter 17 PowerPoint
Chapter 18 PowerPoint
Chapter 19 PowerPoint
Chapter 20 PowerPoint
Chapter 21 PowerPoint
Chapter 22 PowerPoint
Chapter 24 PowerPoint
Appendix
Charles Molnar
About the Authors
Versioning History
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Chapter 21 PowerPoint Copyright © 2022 by Charles Molnar and Jane Gair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.